Scientists Reveal Secrets of Successful Earth Magnets

Earth's core is gradually melting and freezing due to heat circulation of mantle rock. These findings help understand the formation of the Earth's core.

In addition to understanding the Earth's core formation, these findings can also be used to determine how the outer core acts like a magnetic field generating geodynamo.

"The origin of magnetic fields up to now remained a mystery to scientists," said researcher Jon Mound of Leeds.


"We can not get a core sample of the Earth, so we just rely on surface measurements and computer models to determine which occurred in the Earth's core," he continued.

The interior of the Earth's core of solid iron about the size of the Moon is surrounded by dynamic fluid outer core of iron-nickel-iron core that caused many freezes and melts.

Disappeared when the cold heat flow from the core into the mantle passed to the Earth's crust through a process of convection. Convection currents move warm coat to the surface and send back to the core mantle cold.

"Movement is what gives power 'geodynamo' to generate a magnetic field. Our new model provides a simple explanation of some confusing measurements of scientists for many years,"he concluded.

Genetically Engineered Mice Results It Can Sing Like Birds


A group of scientists at Osaka University to modify genes in mice are susceptible to mutations in their project called Evolved Mouse Project. The scientists expect the birth of mice with different physical forms. The result?

"Mutation is the power to encourage evolution. We have conducted genetic crosses in mice to see what would happen," said lead researcher that, Uchimura Arikuni as quoted from the pages of The Telegraph.

The team then examined every mice born from these crosses. "One day, we discovered that mice sing like a bird," Arukuni. He admitted that he was shocked by the discovery because he was expecting a mouse that has a different physical.

He noted that the 'mouse singing' was born by chance but the nature will be passed on to future generations.

Laboratory who commandeered Takeshi Yagi, professor at the university, located in western Japan now has more than 100 'mice sing' for further research.

The research team is hoping to find guidance on how humans evolved language, such as research in various countries who studied the finches to help them understand the origins of human language.

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"Studies on rats better because rats are mammals and humans closer to the views of the structure of the brain and other biological aspects," said Arikuni.

"We see how the rats released a new sound will affect the normal mice in the same group, in other words if it has a social connotation," he said, adding that mice squeak is common, especially under stress.

Only Less Than 15 Minutes, Brain Already Recordable New Words

The brain will learn a new word in less than 15 minutes. Simply listen to these word as much as 160 times. According to scientists at the University of Cambridge, the brain will create new neural network to remember the word.

The findings of these scientists explain that the time it takes the brain to learn the words turned out to be much faster than expected.

Research done by placing electrodes on the head of 16 healthy volunteers. Their brain activity monitored during the test consisted of 2 stages.

In the first stage, the volunteers played on the words that are familiar. The second stage, they played on a foreign word that is called repeatedly.

At the beginning of the second phase, brain activity showed that the brain tries to recognize the word. But, after repeated 160 times in 14 minutes, brain activity can not be distinguished from brain activity in the first stage. "Virtually no difference," said Dr. Yury Shtyrov involved in research.

"To listen to alone is helpful to learn the language," says Dr. Shtyrov told The Telegraph. However, to say the word, need a new neural network, which is part of the brain that regulates speech.

However, this study does not aim to help tourists learn the language. According to Drs. Shtyrov, this research is to help restore the ability of stroke patients to speak.

To that end, the University of Cambridge took Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit of the Medical Research Council to develop an aphasia therapy that is named CIAT (Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy).

Aphasia is the loss of ability to speak due to illness, disability, or injury to the brain.

The next test will involve patients with stroke. As explained Dr. Shtyrov, rehabilitation can be faster by targeting parts of the brain for memory. "The key is repetition. The brain works better when the conditions relaxed and not trying to remember," he explained.

He gave an example in the field of sports. One can memorized the name of the players, teams, even good rules. "That's because every piece of information is always repeated and the people feel no need to memorize.

The brain can not memorize everything. Brain choose is important and the unimportant, "said Dr. Shtyrov.

Material Discovered Life On Fractions Meteor in Sudan


Scientists managed to find amino acids in meteorites or material life. Scientists did not expect to find this material. This meteorite fell in northern Sudan. "The meteorite was formed by the collision of two asteroids," said Daniel Glavin of NASA's Goddard
"The collision is heating up more than two thousand degrees Fahrenheit (1093 degrees Celsius). The heat was enough to destroy the complex organic molecules such as amino acids, but surprisingly, the amino acid is still there," he added.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins essential for life. "Find it in meteorites of this type means that there are many ways for amino acids can be formed in outer space, this increases the chance search for life in the universe," said Glavin.

Amino acids are used in many structures, from hair to the enzyme. Life uses 20 different amino acids to build millions of different proteins. The findings of amino acids on this object supports the theory of the origin of life from outer space.

Samples taken to the lab Goddard and Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. "Our analysis ensuring that findings are amino acids," says study leader Jeffrey Bada of Scripps. Sensitive equipment to detect 19 different amino acids in the sample.

Amino acids can be created in two ways as your hand. Life on Earth use the left amino acids, and amino acids were never mixed with the right amino acids. However, the amino acids found in meteorites has a number of varieties the same left and right.

The findings in the Sudan is named 'Almahata Sitta' or 'Station Six'. This finding is very valuable because it is Ureilites which included rare species. The study is published in the journal Meteoritics and Planetary Science.

What is Deja Vu?
Almost everyone has experienced it, maybe you are one of them
What is Deja Vu?
Almost everyone has experienced it, maybe you are one of them

Deja vu, which he said was taken from the original French, is a feeling when a person experiences something that never happened before. A group of people associate it with disorders of the brain while the other connects Deja vu with other life in the past. At one time, some of us would ever experience this. Deja vu, what is this? Let us explore together.

Have you ever experienced a situation where you consciously know exactly the situation that you think you have been through before? Have you ever experienced a situation where you can guess what will happen next and then it really happen like that you feel you have been through before? If you have experienced these things, it was called a Deja vu. Is it Deja vu? Deja vu is an event in which a person feels confident have experienced a new situation previously. During experiencing a new situation, a person felt something in common with something that happened in the past. Someone feel have gone through the same thing just happened in the past or have seen it in his dreams. Deja vu The term was first introduced by Emile Boirac who is a researcher in the field of French psychology. Most of those who experience Deja vu sesatu claims to have seen in a dream or very confident they had seen it some time ago.

Some Types of Deja vu

Deja inches: This feeling refers to something "is already being felt." It is a psychological phenomenon and the authors believe that something that has been felt in the past was very similar to those felt at this time. The similarity in both the experience makes a person feel that he had felt the same way in the past.

Deja Vecu: a feeling that everything was going just was identical to what happened before as well as an unusual idea about what will happen next, which is called as Deja vecu. Someone who experience feelings of Deja vecu claims to have a little longer knowing what will happen and sometimes felt he had to remember it.

Deja visit,: Shape Deja vu is a feeling never visit a place that is really new. Someone who experience this form of Deja vu claim to have knowledge about a place that has not been visited. Someone claims to know the geography of a place, when he has not been there in reality. Deja visite is distinguished by an unusual knowledge about a place you've never visited.

Researchers have long been looking for various reasons behind Deja vu. They associate diseases such as schizophrenia, anxiety or other neurological disorders. The researchers have not achieved success in building the relationship between these diseases with Deja vu.

However, researchers have found that Deja vu may be a result of the failure of the electrical system of the brain. Deja vu is believed to be a sensation that one in memory or memory. Some drugs are also believed as one of the factors that trigger Deja vu. Drugs such as amantadine and phenylpropanolamine have been studied as a cause feelings of Deja vu. Some medications can cause hyperdopaminergic action in the mesial temporal area of the brain that causes Deja vu.

The human brain is an organ of complex and very interesting. It is the tendency of the brain to draw conclusions from a variety of different situations. The brain is often trying to experiment to reproduce a situation that has never faced before. Therefore anticipate some instances by a person can make a person think that he has experienced a similar incident in the past.

What is interesting here, it could happen that one of our eyes see something before the other eye. One eye to record the previous incident. The other eye, which record the same event a few milliseconds later, makes the brain feel the memories. One of the eye and brain interpret feel something. Other eye was left a few milliseconds feel the same way and sending the images to the brain. Once the brain to feel the same a few milliseconds later, the person feels that he has seen it before. This idea is not to be a good reason to be Deja vu for those who only have one eye also experiencing Deja vu.

Not everyone believes that everything can be explained by science. Several theories related to Deja vu at certain physical capabilities of human beings, on the other hand, others say that the feeling of Deja vu is the result of other life in the past. It is true, Deja vu has mysterious properties.

Nest Egg Spider Powerful Enough To Be Closing Wounds

Wound plaster, bandages and medicines such as ointments are still not effective. The traditional way such as the use of the nest eggs of spiders proved to be more effective through research.

This was revealed in research Rezza Princess Mahartika, Fatma Fauzizah Ningrum and Erissa Hanifah, student-student MTs II Kediri in East Java, one of the finalists Scientific Writing Contest-42 Youth Into Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).

"It occurred to examine it (the nest eggs of spiders) as my grandmother often used it when I hurt when small," said Rezza previously used did not understand that his grandmother was the nest eggs of spiders.
He was formerly only describe as a white dirt like cotton. Through this research, he wanted to prove scientifically about the benefits of a nest egg that spider.

Rezza together with his friends started his research at the school by trying out the use of spider nest egg to cover the wounds in mice.

He made an incision in some mice with a razor blade to make cuts, then close it with a nest egg spider. He controls the wound every day to know whether the wound was dry and closed.

"From the result, the wound can dry up and close on day 5. While the use of ointments, plasters, wound is still wet on the fifth day," explained Rezza. Wounds that have been dried up and closed can be seen from the growth of tissue on the surface of the skin called the epidermis.
Intrigued by the results of the test, Rezza and his team then took samples of spider nest egg to LMU Research Center Knowledge and Technology (Puspiptek), Serpong, Tangerang.

He conducted an analysis of the characteristics of the spider nest egg so that it can know the characters making up the material that supports the process of wound closure.


"The results of polymer analysis showed that the crystalline polymer. While the type of polymer is a protein," said Rezza.
According to him, crystal-shaped polymers can interact with the blood that supports the process of freezing. Meanwhile, the protein material contained in a spider's web has a role to assist the process of blood pembenkuan.

Benefits of spider egg nests are also evident from the constituent fiber size. "Fiberglass spiders are 200 to 500 nanometers. If the fiber size of less than 500 nanometers, then the fiber is good for medical purposes," said Rezza.
Asked about possible spider nest egg into a commercial product, Rezza said, "There is still need further research." However, he explained that the spider's nest egg is very good to close the wound because it contains anti-microbial substances that can prevent infection.

Know More Near Creature World's Largest Ocean Current

The inhabitants of the oceans is the largest blue whale. Types of whales, known as "blue whale" weigh more than 150,000 pounds and a length of more than 30 meters.

Actually, whales are not fish. Called the "fish" for its whale-like fish, such as starfish and sea horses are not the star not the kind of horse.

Pope including mammals possess mammary glands because, hot-blooded, give birth, and blood circulation is closed. In addition, the form of "fins" next pope has the bone structure such as mammals, not like fish.



To be able to better imagine the size of this whale, look at the five-story building, the blue whale length is equal to the height of the building. In the meantime, remember that weight is the same whale weighing 25 to 30 elephants.

Well, how did a giant whale can dive to a depth of 800-1000 meters and return to the surface with ease? For example, imagine a ship weighing 150 tons and 30 meters long.


If the ship sinks to the ocean floor as deep as 1000 meters, will require large-scale operation for years to lift it again.

But a whale to come to the surface within 15-20 seconds. Because the whale bones are made of oil-filled hollow, it can easily float on the water surface.

Pope is also very skilled dive. Her body is very resistant to high pressure at the depth of sea water. Oxygen in the blood flowing and the muscles mixed with chemicals to give force while in the water or while not breathing.

The Pope has a unique circulation system which can drain blood directly from the organ to the brain. Through this way, until when the pope appeared at the water surface to breathe, he was still able to send oxygen in the body directly to the brain, the organ most in need of oxygen.



Through this way the whales can stay underwater for approximately 15-20 minutes without breathing. Moreover, unlike humans, whales do not suffer "bend" (surprise) when emerge quickly to the surface water.

You might ask what is a "bend". Bend is a pain due to a decrease in pressure around us suddenly. When divers want to dive deep into the water, they paused at a certain depth and adjust his body with the surrounding pressure so as not to be affected by changes in water pressure.

This makes them able to dive very deep slowly. But remember they need to stop and rest at a certain distance during their return to the surface of the water. If not, the blood vessels of divers will be sick or rupture which can lead to death. While the pope did not have a problem.

Marine fish can live in the ocean as well as humans who can live on land. You probably know that whales spout water from a hole in his head. Did you know that the hole was indeed his nose?

Pope uses her nose just to breathe. Many people think that the pope only water spewing from the hole. The truth is, whales off the air from his lungs. Because air contains water vapor and temperature hotter than the air outside, it looks as water from a distance.


Agency whales usually shaped like a torpedo and is perfect for swimming in the water. In the meantime, if most of the fish tail perpendicular to the surface of the water, whale tail transverse and parallel to the surface of the water. With a tail like this, the pope able to push himself forward in the water.

Under the skin of the whale-thick layer of fat is about 50 centimeters. The function of this layer of fat to maintain body temperature in order to stay around 34-37 degrees Celsius.

In this section, may be useful to remind you of the following: Contrary to expectations most people, whales and other fish do not drink sea water because salt water dangerous for them. That's why they meet the water needs of the food swallowed.


Every year in December and January, gray whales migrate from the North Sea to the south coast of North America and arrived in California. Aim to have migrated to the warmer water is to have her baby.

What's interesting is that pregnant female whales do not eat anything during their trip, because she did not need it. During the long days of summer, he has a lot of food from the fertile sea in the North, so he had to save enough energy for a long journey.

After the female whales reach the Mexican coast in the west, he immediately gave birth to her baby. Baby whales suckle its mother and save them as fat as much as possible. This preparation makes them strong enough to move back, which began in March.

Like other mammals, whales are also breastfeeding her child. But a baby whale suckling its mother not because they are at risk of swallowing sea water. As previously mentioned, the sea water harmful to whales.

Interestingly, like the dolphin, there is a muscle that surrounds the mammary glands of female whales. When whales move these muscles, the pressure generated to make the parent is able to squirt milk directly into baby's mouth. Whale milk is different from what we usually know.

The shape is almost like a solid and very fatty. Because of its form like that, breast milk can not be mixed with sea water. Substances that drunk or rather eat baby whales will be dissolved in the stomach.

Foods that contain water soluble also needed by the baby whale. As we know, God has provided a baby whale with the most perfect food.

Oily layer, a transparent cover to protect the whale's eyes from different harmful effects of sea water. The Pope has the sense of touch and hearing are sharp.

He knows the direction in the water by following the sound echoes made. The way these senses work similar to radar. Indeed, this pope privilege to be the inspiration for the manufacture of radar.

Scientists believe that the sounds generated by the pope contains language that is very complicated. The language is very important in the relationship and communication between them.

Aurora

Aurora formed by charged particles from the sun are trapped by Earth's magnetic field. Electrically charged particles that float around the north pole and south magnetic poles of the earth to form a curtain of light called auroras.

Why We Do not Remember When Born?

The human brain has a memory capacity thousands of times higher than the most advanced computers available today. The mass of gray (gray matter) is a storage device that is able diandalakan. However, why can not we remember the infancy or the first moment we are born into the world?




Let alone at birth, our brain also can not remember the days when we were infants or toddlers. It turned out that no matter how hard we try, our memory can only go back to when we are 4-5 years old.

Why is that? One theory says this is because of myelin, the protective layer that helps nerve signals the brain delivery. Well, before the age of 5 years, myelin in the baby's brain is still very small. "Myelin is essential for maintaining long-term memory," said Jonathan Schooter, PhD, a psychologist from the University of British Columbia.







Another theory says, once we begin to learn to speak, we can no longer access the memory that is created at the time we do not yet speak fluently. "With the growing of a child's language skills, the way he thinks will also be changed so that the allegedly more difficult to recall past memories," he said.







What is myelin?

The myelin sheath is a phospholipid layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. Mengsuplai Schwann cell myelin for peripheral neurons, where oligodendrosit supply to the central nervous system. Myelin is a characteristic of vertebrates (gnathostome), but also appointed by the parallel evolution of several invertebrates. Myelin was found by Louis-Antoine Ranvier in 1878.

Scientists Find Protein procrastinators Successful Death

Scientists find the elixir that can hold death in mice. These proteins are believed to be useful to humans. Scientists found the constituents of amino acids that can delay the death of mice by 12%. This study is useful for humans, especially for the elderly or the sick.


Individuals who survive require biological changes that encourage energy supply to the cells and reduce oxidative damage caused by free radical destroyer.

"This is the first demonstration that shows a mixture of amino acids can increase the survival of mice," said study leader Dr. Enzo Nisoli from the University of Milan in Italy.

The new findings reported in the journal Cell Metabolism shows the possibility that amino acid supplements can benefit humans. Scientists show amino acid supply can affect the health of rats.

Scientists believe that amino acids could help the sick, especially heart failure disease, chronic lung or other conditions characterized by reduced levels of energy.

Nisoli said there needs to be tested on patients in large numbers, to show convincing evidence.

Leucine, isoleucine and valine, which are known as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), a fraction of the 20 amino acids in a protein that can be produced. All three have indications of anti-aging properties.

This study also showed increased activity SIRTI or well-known longevity genes. This element affects the defense system against free radicals. This specific amino acid supplements tend to be more effective than the protein containing the same amino acid, according to the researchers.

Unlike proteins, these amino acids can not be digested and enter the bloodstream immediately.

"We have provided evidence that an original mix BCAA can increase the average life span in male rats," wrote the researchers in the study.

"This may be due to the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress is reduced in heart and skeletal muscle."

This study offers exploration of the function of amino acids in preventing age disorders in humans.

Best Times To Brain

Many believe only energy or weight loss that can fluctuate during the day. Whereas the human brain also has its own rhythm and there are times when its best. Whenever a brilliant time to perform a particular activity?



As quoted from Health.MSN, there are 8 specific time in which someone can be brilliant in performing its duties, namely:

Hours 7-9 am: The best time to enhance the spirit and passion
"Time is the perfect time to increase ties with a new pair when you wake up," said Elijah Karatsoreos, PhD, a neurologist from Rockefeller University.

This is because levels of the hormone oxytocin (the hormone of love) are at the highest level after waking. This time is the time to strengthen relationships with people who are most important in life. British researchers said that the level of oxytocin in males will gradually decline over time.


9am to 11 noon: The best time for creativity
At that time the brain has the hormone cortisol (stress hormone) is sufficient, so it can help focus the mind and this is not influenced by age.

While this is an excellent time to learn and work on tasks that require analysis and concentration. Because it's time to develop new ideas, make presentations or brainstorming.


Hours 11 to 2 pm: The best time to perform a difficult task
German investigators said that when the hormone melatonin (sleep hormone) has declined sharply, so that the body is more ready to work on a project or work load is tough and hard.

But you should still do not perform several tasks simultaneously, because it will make someone kehilngan concentration. Because it's time to make presentations or perform other heavy tasks.


Hours 2-3 pm: The best time to rest
To digest the lunch, then the body will draw blood from the brain to the abdomen, this condition will make the intake of blood or oxygen to the brain that make someone a little less so sleepy. For that try to take a break from work.

If you still have to work and fight sleep, try to walk for a while, meditating or drinking water. This could increase vascular volume and circulation so that increases blood flow to the brain.


Hours 3 pm to 6 pm: The best time for collaboration
"At the present time the brain will feel very tired," said Paul Nussbaum, PhD, a clinical neuropsychologist. Because it does not hurt to do a collaboration with co-workers or doing different activities. Although the brain is not as sharp as the previous time, but someone will feel more relaxed and the pressure of his body were also lower.


Hours 6 pm to 8 pm: The best time to perform personal tasks
Among these hours, researchers found that the brain has entered in phase 'maintenance', ie when melatonin production is still at low levels.

Nothing wrong to walk alone or with friends, making dinner or enjoy quality time with family members.


Hours 8-10 nights: The best time to relax
At this time there is a transition from a sleepy awake conditions, because melatonin hormone levels will rise rapidly. While the levels of serotonin (a neurotransmitter associated with the spirit) will fade.

Rubin Naiman, PhD specialist sleep problems from the University of Arizona's Center for Integrative Medicine, said about 80 percent of serotonin will be stimulated from exposure to sunlight, so if the sun sinks in the body's levels are also reduced.

"At night when the brain is tired, is the best way to make the body become relaxed like watching funny movies, knitting or doing things that can make the body relaxed, or relaxed," says Naiman.


10 pm to the top: The best time to sleep and suspend all activities
Today is the time for a break tonight and sleep, light settings can help to let the brain rest. After several hours, the brain will be ready again to start the new activity.

Try to get enough sleep as much as 7-8 hours, so that it can obtain optimal health and energy in the morning.

The greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect, which was first proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824, is a process of heating the surface of an object (especially a planet or satellite) caused by the composition and state of the atmosphere.

Mars, Venus, and other celestial bodies beratmosfer (such as a natural satellite of Saturn, Titan) have greenhouse effect, but this article only discusses the influence on the Earth. The greenhouse effect for each of the heavenly bodies had to be discussed in each article.

The greenhouse effect can be used to designate two different things: the natural greenhouse effect which occurs naturally in the earth, and the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities (see also global warming). A rear accepted by all; the first accepted by most scientists, although there are some differences of opinion.


Cause


The greenhouse effect caused by rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increase in CO2 concentration is caused by increased burning of fuel oil, coal and other organic fuels which exceed the ability of plants and oceans to absorb them.

Energy into the Earth:

* 25% reflected by clouds or other particles in the atmosphere
* 25% absorbed by clouds
* 45% absorbed by the earth's surface
* 5% reflected back by the earth's surface

The absorbed energy reflected back in the form of infrared radiation by the clouds and the earth's surface. But most of the infrared emitted by the clouds and the earth retained CO2 and other gases, to be returned to the earth's surface. Under normal circumstances, the greenhouse effect is required, with the greenhouse effect temperature difference between day and night on earth is not too much different.

Besides CO2, which can cause the greenhouse effect is sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and some organic compounds such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These gases play an important role in enhancing the greenhouse effect.

Result

Increasing the temperature of the earth's surface will result in a very extreme climate changes on earth. This can lead to disruption of forests and other ecosystems, thereby reducing its ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming caused the melting of icebergs in the polar regions that could lead to rising sea levels. The greenhouse effect will also lead to rising sea temperatures that occur sea water expands and sea level rise which resulted in the island nation will get a very big influence.

According to the simulation calculation, the greenhouse effect has increased the Earth's average temperature 1-5 ° C. If the trend of increased greenhouse gases remain as it is now global warming will cause an increase between 1.5 to 4.5 ° C around the year 2030. With increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the more heat waves reflected from the surface of the earth's atmosphere is absorbed. This will cause the earth's surface temperature to rise.